1st Semester Biology Review

Front

Which type of biomolecule makes up cell membranes?

Back

Lipids are the primary components of cell membranes, forming a bilayer that provides structure and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Front

What are the three components of a DNA monomer unit?

Back

A DNA monomer unit consists of deoxyribose (a sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the name for the event that results in the division of the cell body (cytoplasm) into 2 daughter bodies?

Back

Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

Front

During which osmotic state does the cell swell and get bigger?

Back

In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside, causing water to enter the cell and make it swell.

Front

What is the correct order for the phases of mitosis?

Back

The correct order of mitosis phases is Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

Define osmosis.

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.

Front

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid consists of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails', forming a bilayer in cell membranes.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various organelles.