AP Biology - Unit 4 Review

Front

What is the role of a receptor in a signaling pathway?

Back

Receptors are proteins that bind to specific ligands (such as hormones) and initiate a cellular response, playing a crucial role in signal transduction.

Front

What is the outcome of mitosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A series of biochemical events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction that amplifies the signal within a cell.

Front

What is the source of phosphate in a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

ATP is the primary source of phosphate for phosphorylation cascades.

Front

What occurs during cytokinesis in plant cells?

Back

A cell plate forms between two nuclei, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells.

Front

Define homeostasis.

Back

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite external changes.

Front

What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?

Back

Competitive inhibition occurs when a substance competes with the substrate for the active site of an enzyme, while non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a different site, reducing its activity.

Front

What is the significance of second messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Second messengers amplify the signal received by receptors and help propagate the signal within the cell, leading to a cellular response.

Front

What is the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle is the series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (M).

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.