AP Bio Unit 3 - Calvin cycle, Cell Respiration

Front

What is the Calvin cycle?

Back

The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms, where carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules.

Front

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Back

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.

Front

What are the main reactants of photosynthesis?

Back

The main reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water.

Front

What is the primary product of the Calvin cycle?

Back

The primary product of the Calvin cycle is G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.

Front

What happens to 5 out of the 6 molecules of G3P produced in the Calvin cycle?

Back

Five of the six molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate), allowing the cycle to continue.

Front

What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

Back

RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) is a 5-carbon sugar that combines with carbon dioxide to initiate the Calvin cycle.

Front

What is photorespiration?

Back

Photorespiration is a process that occurs when the enzyme RuBisCO fixes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency.

Front

How do CAM plants adapt to arid conditions?

Back

CAM plants adapt to arid conditions by fixing carbon dioxide at night and storing it as organic acids, which are then used during the day for photosynthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the proton gradient in photosynthesis?

Back

The proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen during the light-dependent reactions is used to generate ATP through chemiosmosis.

Front

What are the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Back

The light-dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis, occurring in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).