DNA & RNA: Structure & Comparison

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two strands that wind around each other, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Front

What are the four bases of DNA?

Back

The four bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the primary function of DNA?

Back

The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information, coding for proteins.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

How does RNA differ from DNA in structure?

Back

RNA is usually single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

Front

What base does uracil replace in RNA?

Back

Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) in RNA.

Front

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Back

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the three types of RNA and their functions?

Back

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) - brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - makes up the ribosomes and helps in protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.