DNA and DNA Replication

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA, consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Front

What does DNA stand for?

Back

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Front

What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA helicase unwinds the original DNA strand, separating the two strands to allow replication.

Front

What is the function of RNA primase in DNA replication?

Back

RNA primase lays down an RNA primer for new nucleotide bases to be added during DNA replication.

Front

What does DNA polymerase do during DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase builds new strands of DNA by bringing in new nucleotide bases.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase knits together fragments on the lagging strand of DNA during replication.

Front

What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Front

What is the significance of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Back

Complementary base pairing ensures accurate replication and transcription of genetic information, with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine.

Front

How does DNA replication ensure accuracy?

Back

DNA replication ensures accuracy through proofreading mechanisms by DNA polymerase, which checks and corrects errors.