Cell Communication Review 4.1-4.5

Front

What is the first step of signal transduction?

Back

Reception: The initial step where a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a target cell.

Front

What happens during transduction in cell signaling?

Back

A protein kinase changes confirmation (shape) when it is phosphorylated, allowing it to relay the signal.

Front

Define apoptosis.

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a process that allows cells to self-destruct when they are no longer needed.

Front

What type of receptor leads to a change in the distribution of ions?

Back

Ligand-gated ion channels: These receptors open in response to the binding of a ligand, allowing ions to flow across the membrane.

Front

What occurs during apoptosis?

Back

DNA and organelles are fragmented, and the cell forms blebs to self-digest.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do G protein-coupled receptors play in cell signaling?

Back

They transmit signals from outside the cell to the inside, activating intracellular signaling pathways.

Front

What is the function of receptor tyrosine kinases?

Back

They are a type of cell surface receptor that, when activated, can trigger multiple signaling pathways by phosphorylating tyrosine residues.

Front

Explain the concept of ligand in cell signaling.

Back

A ligand is a molecule that binds to a receptor, initiating a cellular response.

Front

What is the significance of phosphorylation in signal transduction?

Back

Phosphorylation is a key mechanism that activates or deactivates proteins, thus regulating cellular activities.