DNA to Protein Flashcard Review

Front

What is the process of transcribing DNA to mRNA?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. For example, the DNA sequence GCTATA is transcribed to mRNA as CGAUAU.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a corresponding codon in mRNA.

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil (A-U) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message during translation.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What happens during translation?

Back

During translation, the mRNA sequence is read by the ribosome, and tRNA brings the corresponding amino acids to form a protein.