AP Statistics Unit 5 Review

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of sample means will be approximately normal if the sample size is large enough, typically n ≥ 30.

Front

What is the formula for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?

Back

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is calculated as the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size (σ/√n).

Front

What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

Front

What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.

Front

What is the power of a test?

Back

The power of a test is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis, calculated as 1 - P(Type II error).

Front

How do you calculate the sample size needed for estimating a proportion?

Back

The sample size can be calculated using the formula n = (Z^2 * p * (1-p)) / E^2, where Z is the Z-score for the desired confidence level, p is the estimated proportion, and E is the margin of error.

Front

What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Back

A p-value represents the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (alpha) is the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 5%.

Front

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

Back

A population includes all members of a specified group, while a sample is a subset of the population used to make inferences about the population.

Front

What is a confidence interval?

Back

A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from sample statistics, that is likely to contain the true population parameter with a specified level of confidence.