DNA Flashcard Review

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome, where it matches its anticodon with the codon on mRNA to help assemble proteins.

Front

What are the three types of RNA?

Back

The three types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

Which nitrogen base is unique to RNA?

Back

Uracil is the nitrogen base that is unique to RNA, replacing thymine found in DNA.

Front

What is the structure of RNA?

Back

RNA is typically single-stranded and consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of rRNA in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into proteins.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.