Biology Midterm Review

Front

What is an ionic bond?

Back

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically formed when one atom donates an electron to another.

Front

What happens when chemical bonds are broken?

Back

Breaking bonds releases energy and often requires water, a process known as hydrolysis.

Front

Which organelle is responsible for converting sugars into energy?

Back

The mitochondrion is the organelle that converts sugars into energy through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

Back

Enzymes speed up metabolic processes in the body by lowering the activation energy required for reactions.

Front

Who coined the term 'cell' in biology?

Back

The term 'cell' was coined by the English scientist Robert Hooke.

Front

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Back

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Front

What is hydrolysis?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the breaking down of compounds by the addition of water.

Front

What is the function of the lysosome?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the significance of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.