💎DNA, Protein Synthesis, & Biotechnology Vocab Flashcardizz

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What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid, located on DNA or mRNA.

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What is a plasmid?

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A small, circular DNA molecule that replicates separately from the bacterial chromosome and can spread antibiotic resistance.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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A technique that separates molecules of DNA, RNA, or proteins by size and charge, allowing smaller particles to move further and thus separating by size.

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What is transcription?

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The process of unwinding DNA and using one of its strands as a template to make mRNA, using the same language of nucleotides.

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What is tRNA?

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Transfer RNA that brings specific amino acids to a growing protein chain based on its anticodon.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA.

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What is genetic engineering?

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The manipulation of an organism's DNA to alter its characteristics, often involving the transfer of genes between organisms.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.