Stats Ch 4 Sampling and Experiment Design

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What is a placebo?

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A sham or empty treatment that appears to be the real treatment in an experiment.

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What are experimental units?

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The individuals or items to which treatments are applied in an experiment.

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What is a blocking design?

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An experimental design where subjects are divided into groups (blocks) based on a certain characteristic (e.g., gender) before random assignment to treatment or control groups.

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What is cluster sampling?

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A sampling technique where entire groups (clusters) are selected at once, rather than individuals.

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What is systematic sampling?

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A sampling method where every nth individual is selected from a list or queue.

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What is a response variable?

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The outcome or measurement that is affected by the treatment in an experiment.

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What is a lurking variable?

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A variable that is not included in the study but affects the response variable.

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What is a confounding variable?

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A variable that is related to both the treatment and the response variable, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions.

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What is a randomized comparative design?

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An experimental design that randomly assigns subjects to treatment and control groups to compare outcomes.

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What is convenience sampling?

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A sampling method that involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach.