Rocks and Minerals Review Flashcard

Front

How are minerals formed?

Back

Minerals are formed by the cooling of magma or lava and by high pressure and temperature inside the Earth's crust.

Front

What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Back

Intrusive rocks are formed inside the Earth, while extrusive rocks are formed on the surface.

Front

What type of rock is formed by the deposition and cementation of mineral or organic particles?

Back

Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles.

Front

Which property is NOT used in mineral identification?

Back

Smell is not a property used in mineral identification.

Front

What mineral property involves rubbing the mineral on a porcelain plate?

Back

The streak property involves rubbing the mineral on a porcelain plate to observe the color of its powder.

Front

Define igneous rock.

Back

Igneous rock is formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma or lava).

Front

What are the two main types of igneous rocks?

Back

The two main types of igneous rocks are intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic) rocks.

Front

What is the process of sedimentation?

Back

Sedimentation is the process by which mineral or organic particles settle out of a fluid (like water) and accumulate.

Front

What is metamorphism?

Back

Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.

Front

What is the rock cycle?

Back

The rock cycle is the continuous process of rock formation, breakdown, and reformation through geological processes.