Flashcard - Chapter 11 Sections 1 & 2 - AP Bio - 19 Nov 24

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two strands that wind around each other, with a backbone made of sugar and phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) that pair specifically.

Front

What base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Back

Thymine always pairs with adenine in DNA.

Front

What base pairs with guanine in DNA?

Back

Cytosine always pairs with guanine in DNA.

Front

What is a phosphate group?

Back

A phosphate group is a molecular group consisting of a central phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

Front

What role does helicase play in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is an enzyme that helps to open up the DNA helix during DNA replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine) hold the two strands of DNA together.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain during DNA replication.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.