Pretake Practice #1: DNA, Cell Cycle, Protein Synthesis

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

Back

A DNA nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

Front

What does the 'S' phase of the cell cycle refer to?

Back

The 'S' phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material.

Front

What is the outcome of mitosis?

Back

The outcome of mitosis is the production of two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Front

What is the role of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G) pair with each other (A with T, C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA double helix, encoding genetic information.

Front

What is the function of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

Back

The phosphate group links nucleotides together, forming the backbone of the DNA or RNA strand.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Front

What happens during interphase?

Back

During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases hold the two strands of DNA together, allowing for the double helix structure.

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate proteins, involving transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).