Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Units 1-4

Front

What are carbohydrates?

Back

Carbohydrates are biomolecules that include monosaccharides (simple sugars) and polysaccharides (complex sugars) such as starch and glycogen.

Front

What is the significance of the shared genetic material in all living organisms?

Back

All living organisms share the same building blocks of genetic material, which allows for the successful splicing of genes across different species, such as producing human insulin in E. coli.

Front

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Front

How do enzymes affect activation energy?

Back

Enzymes catalyze reactions by decreasing activation energy, making it easier for reactions to occur.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for AGC CAT GTA TAC?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is TCG GTA CAT ATG.

Front

Define monosaccharides.

Back

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

Front

What are polysaccharides?

Back

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts in biological reactions, speeding up the rate of reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix structure composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What are lipids?

Back

Lipids are a group of biomolecules that include fats, oils, and phospholipids, which are important for energy storage and cell membrane structure.