Rocks and Minerals Earth Science Regents (2021)

Front

What is the rock cycle?

Back

The rock cycle is a continuous process that describes the transformation of rocks through various geological processes, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic formations.

Front

Define igneous rock.

Back

Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magma or lava).

Front

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Back

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in larger crystals, while extrusive igneous rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the surface, resulting in smaller crystals.

Front

What is metamorphism?

Back

Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks are transformed into new types of rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

Front

What are sedimentary rocks?

Back

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, often in layers.

Front

What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?

Back

Foliation is the alignment of mineral grains in a metamorphic rock, resulting in a layered or banded appearance.

Front

What is the significance of weathering in the rock cycle?

Back

Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, which can then be transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks.

Front

What is erosion?

Back

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural forces such as wind, water, and ice.

Front

Define the term 'mineral'.

Back

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.

Front

What is the Mohs scale of hardness?

Back

The Mohs scale of hardness is a scale that ranks minerals based on their ability to scratch one another, ranging from talc (1) to diamond (10).