AP Biology Units 1-3 Review

Front

What is ATP and why is it important for cellular processes?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It provides energy for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthesis.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a process by which substances move across cell membranes with the help of transport proteins, without the expenditure of energy.

Front

What is the significance of the concentration gradient in cellular transport?

Back

The concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance across a space. It drives passive transport processes, allowing substances to move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Front

What is the Calvin cycle?

Back

The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Front

How does photosynthesis affect oxygen levels in aquatic environments?

Back

Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct, which increases oxygen levels in water during the day, while respiration consumes oxygen, leading to lower levels at night.

Front

What is the role of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in blood pH regulation?

Back

Bicarbonate acts as a buffer in the blood, helping to maintain pH levels by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Front

What happens to allelic frequencies in a population after a significant environmental disruption?

Back

After a significant environmental disruption, the surviving population may have different allelic frequencies compared to the original population due to selective pressures and genetic drift.

Front

What is the relationship between breathing rate and blood pH?

Back

An increase in breathing rate helps to expel carbon dioxide from the blood, which can decrease H+ concentration and help restore normal blood pH.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

Front

How does temperature affect the solubility of gases in water?

Back

Generally, as temperature increases, the solubility of gases in water decreases, meaning warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen.