Biology Final Exam Review_1st Sem 24

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame and altering the entire protein.

Front

What are prokaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

What are eukaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in organisms like plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is mitosis?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Front

What is meiosis?

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.

Front

What is interphase?

Back

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, including DNA replication and growth.

Front

What is telophase?

Back

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes de-condense, the nuclear envelope re-forms, and the cell begins to split.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells with half the chromosome number.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.