AP Biology Transcription and Translation

Front

What is the role of the anticodon in tRNA?

Back

The anticodon of a tRNA molecule is complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during protein synthesis.

Front

What are introns?

Back

Introns are the parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein; they are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.

Front

What is the TATA box?

Back

The TATA box is a DNA sequence found in eukaryotic promoters that serves as a recognition site for the transcription machinery to initiate transcription.

Front

What process does translation refer to?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, which can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is the function of exons?

Back

Exons are the coding regions of a gene that are expressed and translated into proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the binding of tRNA to mRNA and catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.