Correlation vs. Causation

Front

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Back

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation implies that one variable directly affects the other.

Front

What does a negative correlation mean?

Back

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Front

What does a positive correlation mean?

Back

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Front

What is an example of causation?

Back

If it rains several inches, the water level of a lake increases.

Front

What is an example of correlation?

Back

High social media usage and reduced grades may show correlation, but not necessarily causation.

Front

True or False: If one factor is responsible for change in another factor, then it means there is causation.

Back

True

Front

What is an example of a situation that demonstrates causation?

Back

A car ran out of gas, causing it to be stranded on the side of the road.

Front

What is an example of a situation that demonstrates correlation but not causation?

Back

The number of ice cream sales and the number of drowning incidents may correlate, but one does not cause the other.

Front

What is a spurious correlation?

Back

A spurious correlation is a relationship between two variables that appears to be causal but is actually caused by a third variable.

Front

How can you determine if a relationship is causal?

Back

To determine if a relationship is causal, you can conduct experiments or look for evidence that one variable directly influences the other.