2.8 Intelligence and Achievement

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General intelligence (g)

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A theory that suggests a single factor underlies various cognitive abilities.

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Multiple abilities (in reference to intelligence)

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The idea that intelligence is composed of various distinct abilities rather than a single factor.

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Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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A score derived from standardized tests designed to measure human intelligence.

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Mental age

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A measure of an individual's mental attainment based on the age at which an average individual reaches that same level of attainment.

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Chronological age

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The actual age of an individual, measured in years from birth.

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Intelligence tests

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Assessments designed to measure intellectual capabilities.

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Psychometrics

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The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

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Standardized

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A test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner.

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Valid

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The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

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Predictive validity

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The extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts future performance.