Unit 11 Ecosystem and Ecology Flashcards - Biology 1 PLC

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10% Energy Rule

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A principle stating that only about 10% of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next; the rest is lost as heat.

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Acid Rain

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Precipitation with a low pH due to atmospheric pollutants, primarily sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which can harm ecosystems.

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Ammonification

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The process by which decomposers convert nitrogen from organic materials into ammonia, making it available for plants.

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Carbon Sink

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A natural system, such as forests or oceans, which absorbs and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

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Cellular Respiration

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A process in which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy (ATP), releasing carbon dioxide and water.

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Combustion

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The burning of organic material or fossil fuels, releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.

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Consumer

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An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms, classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary consumers.

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Decomposer

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An organism, such as bacteria or fungi, which breaks down dead matter and recycles nutrients into the ecosystem.

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Deforestation

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The large-scale removal of trees, leading to habitat loss, reduced carbon storage, and other ecological impacts.

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Denitrification

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The process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, returning it to the atmosphere.