Unit 5: DNA, Protein Synthesis, & Mitosis Test FLASHCARDS

Front

Evaluate the impact of a mutation in the DNA sequence on the replication process.

Back

It may lead to errors in the newly synthesized DNA strand.

Front

The backbone (sides) of the DNA ladder is made of what two things?

Back

deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups

Front

The steps, or rungs, of a DNA ladder are formed from nitrogen bases joined together by which?

Back

hydrogen bonds

Front

In DNA, the nitrogen base adenine pairs with which?

Back

thymine

Answer explanation

A-T

C-G

Front

If a template strand of DNA reads CTAAG, type in its complementary strand sequence.

Back

GATTC

Front

If a DNA template strand sequence reads TAC-GGA-CGA, what is its complementary sequence in the other strand?

Back

ATG-CCT-GCT

Front

A segment of DNA is 40% thymine. How much guanine is present?

Back

10%

Answer explanation

Remember that A and T are always found together, so if T=40%, A also =40%. Together they make up 80% of the molecule, meaning only 20% is left and must be divided by the two remaining bases (C & G). Each makes up 10% of the whole DNA molecule.

Front

Imagine that all ribosomes in a cell are destroyed. Which would be true?

a. The cell couldn't build carbs

b. The cell couldn't build proteins

c. The cell couldn't replicate DNA

d. The cell would be unaffected

Back

b. The cell couldn't build proteins

Answer explanation

Review cell organelles and their functions. You'll see questions like these on every unit test and certainly on the EOC. These should be fail-safe questions for all biology students.

Front

Back

J

Front

Where in the cell does translation take place?

Back

on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm

Answer explanation

Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.