Reduced relative clauses

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What is a reduced relative clause?

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A reduced relative clause is a shortened form of a relative clause that omits the relative pronoun and the verb 'to be'. It typically uses a present participle (-ing form) or past participle to convey the same meaning.

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How do you form a reduced relative clause using the present participle?

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To form a reduced relative clause using the present participle, remove the relative pronoun (who, which, that) and the verb 'to be'. For example, 'The man who is working' becomes 'The man working'.

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How do you form a reduced relative clause using the past participle?

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To form a reduced relative clause using the past participle, remove the relative pronoun and the verb 'to be'. For example, 'The cake that was selected' becomes 'The cake selected'.

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What is the function of reduced relative clauses in sentences?

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Reduced relative clauses provide additional information about a noun without using a full relative clause, making sentences more concise.

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Identify the reduced relative clause in the sentence: 'The students arriving early usually take the bus.'

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The reduced relative clause is 'arriving early'.

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Transform the sentence: 'The girl who studies overseas is my friend.'

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The girl studying overseas is my friend.

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What is the difference between a full relative clause and a reduced relative clause?

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A full relative clause includes a relative pronoun and a verb, while a reduced relative clause omits the relative pronoun and often uses a participle.

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Provide an example of a sentence with a reduced relative clause using the past participle.

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The book written by the author won an award.

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What is the role of the present participle in reduced relative clauses?

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The present participle (-ing form) indicates an ongoing action related to the noun it modifies.

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What is the role of the past participle in reduced relative clauses?

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The past participle indicates a completed action related to the noun it modifies.