AP Biology: Unit 6 Review (CED)

Front

Which enzyme is responsible for joining the fragments on the lagging strand?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

Describe the difference between purines and pyrimidines.

Back

Purines (A & G) have a double ring structure, while pyrimidines (C, T, & U) have a single ring structure.

Front

Which molecule binds to the promoter region during transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to initiate transcription.

Front

Which enzyme requires RNA primers to initiate DNA synthesis?

Back

DNA polymerase requires RNA primers to start the synthesis of a new DNA strand.

Front

Demonstrate base pairing rules for the sequence 5' - CAGGT - 3'.

Back

The complementary sequence is 3' - GTCCA - 5'.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow replication.

Front

Define the term 'Okazaki fragments'.

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

Back

Topoisomerase relieves the tension and prevents supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

Front

Explain the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand.

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group; DNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

Front

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

Back

RNA primers provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.