Hon Bio-Ch 8: Mitosis & Meiosis Review

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

Front

How many chromosomes does a human sperm have?

Back

A human sperm has 23 chromosomes.

Front

In which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Back

Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I of meiosis.

Front

What phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Back

DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Front

What is the diploid number of chromosomes for humans?

Back

The diploid number of chromosomes for humans is 46.

Front

Define homologous chromosomes.

Back

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry the same genes, one inherited from each parent.

Front

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Back

Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes (2n), while haploid cells contain one complete set of chromosomes (n).

Front

What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

Back

During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.

Front

What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes during mitosis by attaching to the centromeres and pulling them apart.

Front

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

Back

Crossing over increases genetic diversity by allowing the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.