Key Concepts in Hinduism and Buddhism

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Hinduism

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A major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual.

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Caste

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A social stratification system in Hindu society, dividing people into hierarchical groups based on their karma and dharma.

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Brahman

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In Hinduism, the ultimate reality or universal spirit.

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Reincarnation

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The belief in Hinduism and Buddhism that the soul is reborn into a new body after death.

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Karma

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In Hinduism and Buddhism, the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.

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Dharma

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In Hinduism and Buddhism, the principle of cosmic order, or one's duty in life.

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Moksha

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In Hinduism, the liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth (samsara) and the attainment of spiritual freedom.

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Buddhism

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A major world religion or philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) in the 5th century BCE, focusing on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life.

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Enlightenment

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In Buddhism, a state of perfect knowledge or wisdom, combined with infinite compassion.

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Nirvana

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In Buddhism, the ultimate goal, a transcendent state free from suffering and individual existence.