Historical Movements and Concepts

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Cultural Revolution

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A movement started by Mao Zedong in China to remove old ideas, traditions, and people who disagreed with communism.

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Red Guard

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Groups of young people in China who supported Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution and were seen as enemies of communism.

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Zionism

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The movement to create a Jewish homeland in the land of Israel, especially after years of discrimination and violence against Jewish people.

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Great Leap Forward

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A plan by Mao Zedong to quickly improve China’s farming and industry which forced people to live and work together but failed.

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Communes

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Large groups of people who lived and worked together on farms in China during the Great Leap Forward and shared everything but often had little food and poor conditions.

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Partition

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When a country is divided into parts.

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Arab Nationalism

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The belief that Arab people should have their own independent nations, free from foreign control.

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Decolonization

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The process of countries gaining independence from European empires after World War II.

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Muslim League

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A group in India that wanted to protect Muslim rights and helped create Pakistan during partition.

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Pan-Africanism

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The idea that all African people should work together to fight colonialism and build unity.