Unit 7 & 8 AP Biology CED Review

Front

What is the bottleneck effect in genetics?

Back

The bottleneck effect occurs when a population's size is significantly reduced for at least one generation, leading to a loss of genetic diversity and potential fixation of alleles.

Front

Why is the bottleneck effect harmful to genetic diversity?

Back

The reduction in population size could lead to fixation of an allele, reducing genetic variation.

Front

What causes HIV drugs to become ineffective over time?

Back

Mutations in the HIV genome lead to reproductive success, allowing the virus to survive despite drug treatment.

Front

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Back

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

Front

How do you calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?

Back

If the recessive allele frequency is q, the frequency of heterozygous individuals (2pq) can be calculated using p + q = 1, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele.

Front

What is the definition of an ectotherm?

Back

An ectotherm is an organism that relies on external environmental conditions to regulate its body temperature.

Front

How do ectotherms maintain their body temperature?

Back

Ectotherms maintain their body temperature through behaviors such as basking in the sun or seeking shade.

Front

What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms?

Back

Ectotherms rely on external sources for body temperature regulation, while endotherms generate heat through metabolic processes.

Front

What type of behavior is exhibited by a fruit fly vibrating its wings to attract a mate?

Back

This behavior is classified as audible communication.

Front

What is the significance of genetic mutations in evolution?

Back

Genetic mutations introduce new alleles into a population, providing raw material for natural selection and evolution.