Biology Benchmark Review

Front

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Back

A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria.

Front

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Back

A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include plant and animal cells.

Front

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).

Front

What occurs during DNA synthesis?

Back

During DNA synthesis, the DNA molecule is replicated to produce two identical copies.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration.

Front

What is a pedigree chart?

Back

A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.

Front

What is the difference between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance?

Back

Autosomal dominant inheritance requires only one copy of the dominant allele to express the trait, while autosomal recessive inheritance requires two copies of the recessive allele.