20th Century Composers and Musical Movements

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Mahler's Musical Style

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Post Romanticism, broke classical forms, music expands and grows, expression of life, influenced by Jewish heritage, military music, folk songs, dance tunes, Beethoven, Bach, and conducting career.

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Debussy's Musical Style

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Impressionism, different harmony ideas, personal music, drifted from tonality, used new scales, parallel chords, exoticism, color, rhythm, tonality ambiguity, suggestion of mood.

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Stravinsky's Musical Style

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Primitivism, personal style, polychords & polyharmonies, known for FireBird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, polytonality in Petrushka, styles include Primitivism, Ballets, Chamber music, Neoclassicism, Serialism.

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Schoenberg's Musical Periods

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Post romanticism, expressionism/atonality, serialism. Periods: Post romanticism (1894-1907), Atonality/Expressionism (1908-1922), Serialism (1922 ff.).

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Webern's Musical Style

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Post romanticism, expressionism/atonality, serialism, concise music, atonal and twelve tone techniques, studied with Schoenberg, expressionism, serial composition.

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Berg's Musical Style

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Post romanticism, expressionism/atonality, serialism, Austrian composer, combined romantic lyricism with twelve tone technique, expressive and emotional music.

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Bartok's Musical Influence

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Alternative to Modernism, Nationalism, ethnomusicologist from Hungary, interested in folk music, recorded village music, implemented folk melodies into compositions, fled Nazis, treatment of folk tunes included arrangement, imitation, assimilation.

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Prokofiev's Musical Style

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Alternative to Modernism, Nationalism, originality with traditional methods, prolific composer, studied in St. Petersburg, popular Soviet composer, Neoclassical style, strong emotion, rhythmic drive, lyricism, humor.

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Charles Ives' Musical Beliefs

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Beliefs in family security, respect, generous to employees, religious faith, dissonant music, American music, gospel and folk music, early compositions at age 10, influenced by father George Ives.

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Scott Joplin's Contribution

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Father of ragtime music, ragtime for solo piano, exposure to music as a child, free piano lessons, European march techniques, traveling musician, famous for Maple Leaf and opera Treemonisha.