Unit 4: Disease and Disruption of Homeostasis

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Inflammation

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A biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or damaged cells, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

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Microbe

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A microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells.

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Infectious

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Capable of causing infection or disease by invading body tissues.

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Pathogen

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An organism or agent that causes disease, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

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White blood cells

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Cells of the immune system involved in protecting the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders.

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Phagocytes

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A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles, bacteria, and dying cells.

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Virus

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A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

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Antigen

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A substance that induces an immune response, often by the production of antibodies.

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Antibody

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A protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and neutralizes foreign substances like bacteria and viruses.

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Immune Response

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The body's defense mechanism against foreign substances or pathogens.