AP Chemistry Unit 9 - Applications of Thermodynamics

Front

What is the function of the electrolyte in an electrochemical cell?

Back

The electrolyte provides soluble anions that migrate to the anode and soluble cations that migrate to the cathode, maintaining a balance of charge in the cell.

Front

What is standard molar entropy?

Back

Standard molar entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system at standard conditions (1 atm and 25°C). It is typically expressed in J/(mol·K).

Front

Which state of matter generally has the highest standard molar entropy?

Back

Gaseous substances generally have the highest standard molar entropy compared to liquids and solids due to their greater freedom of movement and higher disorder.

Front

What is the relationship between current, charge, and time in electrochemistry?

Back

The relationship is given by the equation Q = I × t, where Q is the charge in coulombs, I is the current in amperes, and t is the time in seconds.

Front

What is the half-reaction occurring at the anode during electrolysis of water?

Back

2 H_2O(l) → O_2(g) + 4 H^+(aq) + 4 e^-.

Front

What is the oxidation state of Sn in Sn^2+?

Back

The oxidation state of Sn in Sn^2+ is +2.

Front

How do you balance redox reactions?

Back

To balance redox reactions, separate the oxidation and reduction half-reactions, balance the atoms and charges, and then combine them.

Front

What is the significance of the Nernst equation in electrochemistry?

Back

The Nernst equation relates the cell potential to the concentrations of the reactants and products, allowing for the calculation of cell voltage under non-standard conditions.

Front

What is the role of the cathode in an electrochemical cell?

Back

The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs, meaning it gains electrons during the electrochemical reaction.

Front

What is the standard reduction potential?

Back

Standard reduction potential is the measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, measured under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, and 25°C).