Biology Chapter 13 Vocab Words

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Clone

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Member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell.

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Gel electrophoresis

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Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel.

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Genetic engineering

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Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms.

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Genetic marker

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Gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don't.

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Hybridization

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Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms.

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Inbreeding

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Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.

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Plasmid

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Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria.

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Polymerase chain reaction

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Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene.

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Recombinant DNA

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DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources.

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Restriction enzyme

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Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides.