Grady 2

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The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the forced removal of Native Americans to lands in the west.

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The Cherokee later fought and won in court (Cherokee v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia).

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The U.S. Army forcefully moved 15,000 Cherokee west during the winter of 1838-39.

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This event resulted in the deaths of 4,000 and became known as the Trail of Tears.

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The first women’s rights movement began in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention.

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This meeting launched the women’s suffrage movement, leading to the 19th Amendment 70 years later.

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader of the women's rights movement.

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She authored the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention.

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Transcendentalism is the belief that people could transcend material things in life.

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It emphasizes rising above materialism.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was a key figure in the transcendentalist movement of the 1840s.

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He was an essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet.

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Henry David Thoreau was a naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher.

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He is best known for his book "Walden," reflecting on simple living in natural surroundings.

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The longest trails west were the California Trail and the Oregon Trail.

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Each was 2,000 miles and took six months to travel.

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In 1836, Texas gained its independence from Mexico.

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It was annexed by the U.S. 9 years later, beginning the Mexican-American War.

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Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War led to U.S. expansion to the Pacific.

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This ideology supported U.S. territorial expansion.