Gel Electrophoresis & DNA Fingerprinting

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge.

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What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis?

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To separate DNA fragments based on size.

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What are restriction enzymes?

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Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the analysis of DNA fragments.

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How does gel electrophoresis work?

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DNA samples are placed in a gel matrix and an electric current is applied, causing the DNA to move through the gel. Smaller fragments move faster than larger ones.

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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A technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.

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What role do DNA markers play in DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA markers are specific sequences in the DNA that vary among individuals and are used to compare genetic similarities.

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What is the significance of the size of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis?

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The size of DNA fragments determines how far they travel in the gel; smaller fragments travel further than larger ones.

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What is a DNA profile?

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A unique pattern of DNA characteristics that can be used to identify an individual.

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What is the importance of using a control sample in gel electrophoresis?

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Control samples help ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results by providing a standard for comparison.

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What is the relationship between DNA and heredity?

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DNA carries genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring, determining inherited traits.