Biochemistry of the Nervous System Flashcards

Front

What are the two major components into which the nervous system is divided?

Back

Central and Peripheral

Answer explanation

The nervous system is divided into two major components: the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

Front

Scarlett accidentally touches a hot stove and quickly pulls her hand away. What role does the spinal cord play in this situation?

Back

To act as a conduit for transmitting neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer explanation

The spinal cord serves as a crucial pathway for transmitting neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body, enabling communication and coordination of bodily functions.

Front

Which part of the nervous system links the brain with internal organs when experiencing nervousness?

Back

To link the CNS with internal organs

Answer explanation

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions by linking the central nervous system (CNS) with internal organs, controlling processes like heart rate and digestion, unlike voluntary muscle movements.

Front

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in brain communication?

Back

To transmit signals across synapses

Answer explanation

The primary function of neurotransmitters is to transmit signals across synapses, allowing communication between neurons. This is essential for various brain functions and overall nervous system activity.

Front

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Back

To transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

Answer explanation

The sodium-potassium pump is crucial in neurons as it actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the necessary ion gradients for proper nerve function.

Front

What is the main energy source for neurons?

Back

ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer explanation

Neurons primarily rely on ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation for energy. While glucose is essential for ATP production, it is the ATP itself that serves as the main energy source for neuronal functions.

Front

Which component of the nervous system is primarily used for higher-order functions such as thought and memory?

Back

Central nervous system

Answer explanation

The central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for higher-order functions such as thought and memory, making it the correct choice for this question.

Front

What is the function of ion channels in the neuron membrane?

Back

To regulate the flow of ions across the membrane

Answer explanation

Ion channels in the neuron membrane are crucial for regulating the flow of ions, which is essential for generating action potentials and transmitting signals. This function is vital for neuronal communication.

Front

Which neurotransmitter is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Back

GABA

Answer explanation

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, playing a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability and preventing overstimulation, unlike glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin, which are primarily excitatory or modulatory.

Front

If synaptic vesicles in neurons were like a courier delivering packages, what would their main role be?

Back

To store neurotransmitters

Answer explanation

Synaptic vesicles are essential in neurons as they store neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals across synapses. This storage is crucial for effective communication between neurons.