Primary vs Secondary

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Primary Data

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Primary data is data collected directly from YOU

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What are some examples of primary data?

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Interview transcripts are written records of conversations that occur during interviews conducted by the researcher, and form the actual data for their research study.

Focus group transcripts are written records of discussions that take place in focus groups (Nyumba et al., 2018). A focus group involves a small, diverse group of people who discuss a particular topic or issue, usually guided by a moderator.

Focus group transcripts are written records of discussions that take place in focus groups (Nyumba et al., 2018). A focus group involves a small, diverse group of people who discuss a particular topic or issue, usually guided by a moderator.

Biological samples are physical specimens taken from organisms, including blood, tissues, cells, DNA, saliva, and other bodily fluids.

Social media posts could include text posts, images, videos, comments, and other forms of digital communication on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn, and are regularly used in digital ethnographic research.

Surveys and questionnaires are structured tools used for data collection, consisting of a series of questions designed to gather information from respondents.

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Secondary Data

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Secondary data refers to any research data that is not collected for the purpose of your own study, but is repurposed and reanalyzed within your study.

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What are some options for secondary sources?

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Academic journal articles are scholarly papers published in academic journals. They usually report on original research, review existing literature, or present theoretical analyses in various academic fields.

Census data refers to the information collected during national or regional censuses, which are typically conducted by governments at regular intervals (often every five or ten years).

Public opinion polls are surveys conducted to gauge the public’s views, attitudes, or perceptions on various topics, ranging from politics and social issues to consumer products and services.

Market research data includes information gathered about consumers, market trends, competitors, and industry dynamics. This data is collected through methods like surveys, focus groups, sales analysis, and consumer feedback.

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Primary vs Secondary Data

Why is it important?

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What are some factors that a manufacturer should consider when determining whether to test a sample or the entire population to ensure the quality of a product? 

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Time

and

Money

Collecting the data of your whole population will involve work and time and challenges of making sure everyone's data was included and collected.

If you pick a good sample that represetns everyone, this can be quicker and still provide you the information or data you wish to collect

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Franco is interested in determining the recycling habits of the people in his community. He plans to conduct a survey. Describe the population to be surveyed, the type of sample that should be used, and whether it is more reasonable to collect primary or secondary data. 

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The population is his community.

The best sample is a random option ; a random sample of households. This is primary data because he conducts his own survey.

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Edie is interested in determining whether there is any relationship between unemployment and age in Ontario. Describe the population to be surveyed, the type of sample that should be used, and whether it is more reasonable to collect primary or secondary data. 

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The population is all people in Ontario.

A stratified sample would be good to use here picking different age groups or different areas of Ontario to get a full picutre.

It would be best to collect secodnary data here. Statistics Canada provides data on unemployment rates in Canada.

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On an imaginary TV show, True Northern, contestants are kept on the show each week based on the number of votes or calls received. People may phone toll-free numbers during the two-hour voting period after the show to vote for their favourites. They can vote as many times as they like during those two hours. Explain why the results don’t necessarily represent the opinions of all Canadians. In other words, explain why the sample is biased. 

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It is biased because not everyone in the population has an equal chance of having to vote. You must have a TV and ponly can phone in live. Also, shows like this have struggled with voting as you can call in and vote more than once!

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Imagine you work for Starbucks. You interview 100 customers about a new coffee. What is this an example of?

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primary data