Module 1 Psychology

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Psychology

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The scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior.

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Levels of Analysis

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A stepwise approach to analysis, with lower levels tied most closely to biological influences and higher levels tied most closely to social and cultural influences.

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Individual Differences

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Variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior.

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Naïve Realism

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Belief that we see the world precisely as it is.

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Scientific Theory

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Explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.

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Hypothesis

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Testable prediction derived from a scientific theory.

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Confirmation Bias

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Tendency to seek out evidence that supports our belief and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them.

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Belief Perseverance

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Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them.

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Pseudoscience

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Sets of claims that seem scientific but aren’t.

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Ad Hoc Immunizing Hypothesis

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Escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification.