Immunology Concepts

Front

What is the definition of immunity?

Back

Immunity is the ability of the body to recognize and eliminate foreign substances (antigens) or resist diseases caused by microorganisms.

Front

What are the two main types of immune responses in humans?

Back

The two main types of immune responses are natural immunity and acquired immunity.

Front

What is natural immunity?

Back

Natural immunity is the inherent ability to protect against pathogens that an individual is born with, without prior exposure to antigens.

Front

What are the physical barriers in natural immunity?

Back

Physical barriers include the skin and mucous membranes that prevent the entry of pathogens.

Front

What role does mucus play in natural immunity?

Back

Mucus traps pathogens and prevents them from penetrating the epithelial cells.

Front

What are the chemical barriers in natural immunity?

Back

Chemical barriers include substances like lactic acid and enzymes in secretions that inhibit microbial growth.

Front

What is the function of phagocytes in the immune system?

Back

Phagocytes, such as macrophages, engulf and digest pathogens through a process called phagocytosis.

Front

What is the process of inflammation?

Back

Inflammation is a response characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain, aimed at eliminating pathogens and initiating healing.

Front

What is acquired immunity?

Back

Acquired immunity is the immunity that develops after exposure to specific antigens, either through infection or vaccination.

Front

What are the stages of specific immune response?

Back

The stages include antigen recognition, activation of lymphocytes, and the effector phase where antibodies are produced.