Define atomic weight.

Calculated mean of the atomic weights of an element’s isotopes.

What is a balanced chemical equation?

A statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants.

A molecule that donates hydroxide ions or binds excess hydrogen ions, decreasing the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution.

A substance that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Explain capillary action.

Occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures, drawing the water molecules to the tubes' sides.

A positive ion formed by an atom losing one or more electrons.

Define chemical bond.

Interaction between two or more atoms that results in forming molecules.

What is a chemical reaction?

A process leading to rearranging atoms in molecules.

Define chemical reactivity.

The ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other.

Intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension.

A substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements.

What is a covalent bond?

A type of strong bond formed between two atoms when electrons are shared between them.

Explain dissociation.

Release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original.

What is an electrolyte?

An ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance.

A negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital.

What is electron configuration?

Arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron shell.

Explain electron orbital.

How electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where we are most likely to find an electron.

What is electron transfer?

Movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creating ionic bonds.

Define electronegativity.

Ability of some elements to attract electrons, acquiring partial negative charges in molecules.

One of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons.

Molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other.

Steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system.

Change from liquid to gaseous state at a body of water's surface, plant leaves, or an organism's skin.

What is a functional group?

A group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton.

Define geometric isomer.

Isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double covalent bond.

What is the heat of vaporization of water?

High amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor.

A molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen.

What is a hydrogen bond?

A weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules.

Describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water.

Describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water.

What is an inert gas?

An element with a filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms.

An atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.

What is an ionic bond?

A chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions).

Explain irreversible chemical reaction.

A chemical reaction where reactants proceed unidirectionally to form products.

Molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula.

One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons.

What is the law of mass action?

Chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances.

What is litmus paper?

Filter paper treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes.

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

An uncharged particle that resides in an atom's nucleus; has a mass of one amu.

Biology 101 Unit 2 Key Terms Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

73 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an acid?

Back

A molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define adhesion.

Back

Attraction between water molecules and other molecules.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Back

A hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an anion?

Back

A negative ion formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define aromatic hydrocarbon.

Back

A hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an atom?

Back

The smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does atomic number represent?

Back

The total number of protons in an atom.

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