Definitions Unit| Neuclic acid and protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Nucleotide

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A molecule made up of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

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Purines

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Adenine and guanine, which have a double-ring structure.

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Pyrimidines

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Cytosine, thymine, and uracil, with a single-ring structure.

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Gene

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A length of DNA that codes for a particular polypeptide or protein.

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Semi-conservative replication

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Method of DNA replication in which each new molecule contains one original and one new strand.

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Codon

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Three bases on mRNA code for one amino acid.

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Anticodon

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Triplet of bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon.

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Mutation

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A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

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Frame-shift mutation

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Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame.

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Transcription

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Process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.