Historical treatment of mental illness often involved beliefs in demonic possession, witchcraft, or angry gods.

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were seen as signs of possession by demons, leading to treatments like exorcism and trephining.

Exorcism and trephining were common treatments for mental illness in history.

Exorcism involved religious rituals, while trephining involved making a hole in the skull to release spirits.

Misunderstanding of mental illness led to cruel treatments and social ostracism.

People with psychological disorders were often imprisoned or left homeless, and many were executed as witches.

Asylums in the 18th century were created to house people with mental disorders.

These institutions focused on ostracizing rather than treating individuals, often keeping them in poor conditions.

Philippe Pinel advocated for humane treatment of mental illness in the late 1700s.

He suggested unchaining and talking to patients, leading to improved conditions at La Salpêtrière in Paris.

Dorothea Dix led reform efforts for mental health care in the 19th century United States.

She highlighted the poor conditions and lack of regulation in mental health institutions.

A painting depicts the inside of a mental asylum in the early 1800s.

Francisco Goya's painting, The Madhouse, portrays the harsh conditions faced by individuals with psychological disorders.

A painting set inside an asylum, depicts a person removing the chains from a patient.

Tony Robert-Fleury's painting shows Dr. Philippe Pinel ordering the removal of chains from patients at the Salpêtrière asylum in Paris.

Dorothea Dix's Contribution

Dorothea Dix was a social reformer who advocated for the indigent insane and helped create the first American mental asylum by lobbying state legislatures and Congress.

Conditions in Early Asylums

Early asylums were often filthy, offered little treatment, and kept people for decades. Treatments like cold baths and electroshock were common.

Electroshock Treatment

Electroshock, now called electroconvulsive treatment, involves using electric stimulus to produce a seizure. It was often administered without safeguards in early asylums.

Impact of Antipsychotic Medications

Introduced in the 1950s and popular by the 1960s, antipsychotic medications helped control symptoms of psychological disorders like psychosis.

Deinstitutionalization Legislation

In 1963, the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act provided funding for community mental health centers, changing mental health service delivery.

Challenges of Deinstitutionalization

Deinstitutionalization led to many being released to community centers, but lack of support and resources often resulted in homelessness.

Adults living in shelters often experience mental illness.

According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, many adults in shelters have mental health issues.

Photograph A description

Photograph A shows a person sitting on a bucket, leaning on the side of a building. A bag of belongings are at his feet. He holds a sneaker and the other one is on the ground in front of him.

Photograph B description

Photograph B shows a prison yard from afar. There are several people gathered around a basketball court.

Prevalence of severe mental illness in U.S. shelters

About one-quarter of homeless individuals in U.S. shelters have a severe mental illness.

Mental health issues in correctional institutions

Correctional institutions report a high number of individuals living with mental illness.

Incarceration statistics for individuals with mental health issues

Approximately 705,600 adults with mental health issues were incarcerated in the state prison system, and another 78,800 in the federal prison system.

Challenges faced by incarcerated individuals with mental health issues

Incarcerated individuals with mental health issues often face violence, isolation, and trauma.

Current state of psychiatric hospitals

Psychiatric hospitals are run by state governments and focus on short-term care due to high costs.

Cost of psychiatric hospitalization

The cost of psychiatric hospitalization can be about $800 to $1000 per night.

Reasons for seeking mental health treatment

Some seek treatment due to involvement with child protective services or personal mental health issues.

Therapy with children may involve play.

Therapy with children often involves play to help them adjust to situations like foster care or adoption.

Voluntary vs. Involuntary Treatment

Voluntary treatment is when an individual chooses to seek therapy. Involuntary treatment is mandated, often by the criminal justice system.

Types of Mental Health Professionals

Psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical social workers, marriage and family therapists, and trained religious personnel can provide mental health counseling and therapy.

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008

This act requires parity in mental health services, meaning co-pays and deductibles for mental health must be equal to those for physical illnesses.

Challenges in Accessing Mental Health Treatment

Limited options, waiting lists, poor quality of care, financial obstacles, and stigma are common challenges, especially in rural areas.

Obama Administration's Effort in 2013

The U.S. Department of Agriculture invested $50 million to improve access and treatment for mental health problems in rural communities.

One of the goals of therapy

To help a person stop repeating and reenacting destructive patterns and start looking for better solutions to difficult situations.

"Autobiography in Five Short Chapters" by Portia Nelson

A poem reflecting the process of recognizing and changing destructive patterns.

Chapter One of the poem

Walking down the street, falling into a deep hole, feeling lost and helpless, not recognizing fault.

Chapter Two of the poem

Walking down the same street, pretending not to see the hole, falling in again, still not recognizing fault.

Chapter Three of the poem

Seeing the hole, falling in out of habit, recognizing fault, and getting out immediately.

Chapter Four of the poem

Walking down the same street and walking around the hole.

Psychotherapy and biomedical therapy.

Purpose of psychotherapy and biomedical therapy

To help people with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

A psychological treatment employing various methods to help someone overcome personal problems or attain personal growth.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Talk therapy based on the belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior.

Psych CH 16 Flashcards

Student preview

100 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Percentage of U.S. adults who experienced mental illness in 2017

Back

18.9%

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Estimated percentage of children ages 8–15 experiencing mental illness annually

Back

Approximately 13%

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Percentage of adults receiving mental health treatment in 2017

Back

14.8%

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Years when adult mental health treatment percentage hovered around 13%

Back

2004, 2005, 2006

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Percentage of children with mental disorders receiving treatment in the past year

Back

Approximately 50.6%

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Percentage of children with anxiety disorders receiving treatment

Back

Around 32%

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Percentage of children with mood disorders receiving treatment

Back

Around 42%

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