Studying the Human Genome

Studying the Human Genome

Assessment

Flashcard

Science

9th - 12th Grade

Practice Problem

Hard

Created by

Barbara White

FREE Resource

Student preview

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16 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Genome Noun

[jee-nohm]

Back

Genome


The complete set of genetic information in an organism, containing all of the DNA found within a single cell.

Example: This diagram shows how an organism's complete set of DNA, its genome, is organized from a cell down to the DNA molecule.
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2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Restriction Enzyme Noun

[ri-strik-shuhn en-zahym]

Back

Restriction Enzyme


A protein produced by bacteria that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides, acting like molecular scissors.

Example: A restriction enzyme acts like molecular scissors, cutting a DNA strand at a specific recognition sequence to create fragments with 'sticky ends'.
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3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Bacteriophage Noun

[bak-teer-ee-oh-feyj]

Back

Bacteriophage


A type of virus that specifically infects and replicates within bacteria, often used in genetic engineering research.

Example: This diagram shows the structure of a bacteriophage, a type of virus that infects bacteria and is used as a tool in genetic research.
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4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Sticky Ends Noun

[stik-ee endz]

Back

Sticky Ends


The single-stranded overhangs of DNA left after being cut by a restriction enzyme, able to bond with complementary fragments.

Example: A restriction enzyme cuts a target gene and a plasmid, creating matching, single-stranded overhangs of DNA called 'sticky ends' that allow them to join together.
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5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Gel Electrophoresis Noun

[jel uh-lek-troh-fuh-ree-sis]

Back

Gel Electrophoresis


A laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by moving them through a gel using electricity.

Example: An electric current pulls DNA or RNA fragments through a gel, separating them by size; smaller fragments move farther and faster than larger ones.
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6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

DNA Polymerase Noun

[dee-en-ey pol-uh-muh-reys]

Back

DNA Polymerase


An essential enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA by using an existing strand as a template during replication.

Example: This diagram shows the enzyme DNA polymerase moving along an old DNA strand to build a new, complementary strand by adding matching nucleotide bases.
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7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Nucleotide Noun

[noo-klee-uh-tahyd]

Back

Nucleotide


The basic structural unit of nucleic acids like DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Example: This diagram shows that a nucleotide is made of three parts: a phosphate molecule, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (like adenine).
Media Image

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