Social Stratification

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Basis of social stratification

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Factors such as strength, intelligence, age, and sex often serve as the basis for social stratification.

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Importance of socially defined traits

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Socially defined traits are considered more important than biological qualities in determining social status.

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Historical evidence of stratification

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Historians and archaeologists have found evidence of stratification in ancient societies, even in small groups.

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Ogburn and Nimkoff's definition of social class.

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Ogburn and Nimkoff define a social class as "the aggregate of persons having essentially the same social status in a given society."

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Universality of the Class System.

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The class system exists in all societies except the smallest, simplest, and most primitive ones.

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An Open Group

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There are no or very mild restrictions on upward and downward movement of individuals in the social hierarchy.

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Impact of the industrial revolution on social classes.

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The industrial revolution created two distinct classes: capitalists, with vast economic resources and political power, and proletarians, industrial workers devoid of wealth and economic power.

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The economic factor has become most influential in determining class or status.

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It has replaced the influence of the old landed nobility.

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The term 'caste' is derived from the Spanish word 'casta.'

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'Casta' means 'breed' or 'lineage' and was used by the Portuguese to denote divisions in the Indian caste system.

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The popular equivalent of caste in India is 'Jati.'

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'Jati' refers to the subdivisions within the caste system based on occupation and lineage.