Earliest Americans Cultures

Earliest Americans Cultures

Chapter Review - Exam Prep

Earliest Americans

First Americans reached North America during the last Ice Age, crossing the Bering Land Bridge from Asia into Alaska.

These Paleo Indians were hunters and gatherers, meaning they hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food.

Multiple Choice

How did the first Americans arrive in North America?

• boats

• canoes

• crossed Bering Land Bridge

Multiple Choice

The earliest Americans were known as

• Paleo Indians

• hunters and gatherers

• both

Earliest Meso and South American cultures

Olmecs: OLdest civilization, known for their huge stone sculptures

Maya: farmed and built pyramids

Aztec: located in central Mexico, were skilled warriors

Inca: located in South America (mainly Peru) and used quipu as a way to keep records

Multiple Choice

Which civilization was the oldest or earliest?

• Olmec

• Maya

• Inca

• Aztec

Multiple Choice

Which civilization were known for being warriors?

• Olmec

• Maya

• Aztec

• Inca

Multiple Choice

The Olmecs were known for

• basket weaving

• stone sculptures

Multiple Choice

Which civilization was located in South America?

• Olmec

• Maya

• Aztec

• Inca

Multiple Choice

Which civilization used quipu as a way to keep records?

• Olmec

• Maya

• Aztec

• Inca

North American Civilizations

Anasazi: Adapted to dry environment by growing maize, beans and squash

Lived in the Four Corners Region (where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet)

Lived in pueblos which were homes made from sun dried brick called adobe

Built kivas which were underground ceremonial chambers where they held important ceremonies

Hopewell and Mississippians: farmed and traded, built burial mounds to honor their dead

Multiple Choice

How did the Anasazi adapt to their dry environment?

• grew maize, beans and squash

• hunted

• fished

North American Culture Areas

Arctic: lived in igloos or hide tents, hunted large mammals and fished for survival, depended on dogs for transportation

Sub-Arctic: nomadic, followed migration of deer

Pacific Northwest: no need to farm PLENTY of food, built totem poles to honor their dead, held feasts (potlatches)

Multiple Choice

How did the Inuit and Aleut survive living in the Arctic?

• hunted large mammals

• crew crops

Multiple Choice

The Native Americans living in the Pacific Northwest held feasts called

• sachems

• potlatches

• totems

North American Culture areas:

California: no need to farm, plenty of food, fished and hunted, no shared language, lived in homes with 50-300 people

Great Basin: adapted to dry environment by gathering seeds, digging roots, and trapping small animals for food , spoke same language

Southwest: Dry climate: adapted by learning how to irrigate the land and growing maize, beans, and squash

Multiple Choice

Native Americans living in the Great Basin area survived by:

• speaking over 100 languages

• hunted and fished

• irrigated land to grow maize, beans, and squash

North American Culture areas:

Great Plains: BUFFALO! Used the animal for food, shelter (teepees), clothing, weapons

Southeast and Northeast: farmed, hunted

Iroquois League - alliance of Native American groups that waged war or made peace with local groups - goal was to strengthen alliance against invasion

Multiple Choice

The Great Plains Native Americans relied on which animal for survival?

• deer

• elk

• buffalo

Multiple Choice

There were so many different Native American groups because

• it just happened that way

• different environments

Vocabulary

• Study words on Quizlet

• Section 1 and 2

• Must know environment, migration, teepees, totems, kivas, pueblos, and Iroquois League