The Turkish Ruling Houses: Ottomans

The Turkish Ruling Houses: Ottomans

Mr. Guzmán | Fall 2020

Newton Country Day School

Today's Class Agenda

• EQ: How were the three Islamic empires established, and what sorts of governments did they set up?

• In order to answer this question, we will look at the expansion of the Ottoman Empire

• HW: Read & takes notes on pp. 470-473. SWYK 17A at the start of class tmrw.

But first...

A refresher from last class

Multiple Choice

A person who follows Islam would is called a

• Muslim

• Christian

• Pagan

• Islamist

Multiple Choice

In Islam, the name of the prophet is

• Jesus

• Moses

• Muhammad

• Abraham

Multiple Choice

Muhammad had to leave _____, the major city in Arabia.

• Tabuk

• Mecca

• Medina

• Jizan

Multiple Choice

Muhammad established a community in ______ where he was able to spread the word of Islam.

• Tabuk

• Mecca

• Medina

• Jizan

Multiple Choice

The _____ is the holy scripture of Islam

• Torah

• Bible

• Qur'an

• Rites

Did you get them all?

Remember to go back and refresh your memory 😉

The Ottoman Empire

• The Ottomans took their identity from the name of their leader, Osman. They were semi-nomadic Turks who migrated westward into Anatolia.

• The Ottomans built their empire by conquering the Muslim populations of Anatolia and by promising the Orthodox Christian faith that they would protect the Greek Christian population.

The Ottoman Empire

• The Ottoman victory at Kosovo devastated the Serbian population and allowed the Muslims to move up the Danube River valley to gain territory in Europe.

The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

• The Ottomans supported their military by obtaining slave troops who were converted, outfitted with guns, and trained to work for Ottoman goals

• With the conquering of Constantinople, the Ottoman sultans believed they were the successors of the Byzantine and Seljuk Turk Emperors. Under the Ottomans, the Byzantine Empire ended.

• Constantinople was renamed Istanbul and became the imperial Ottoman capital.

Continued...

• Citizens were ordered to build mosques, markets, fountains, baths, and any other structure demanded by the sultan. Under Sultan Mehmet, the population of Istanbul had decreased, so he forced populations from other subjected lands to move and inhabit the city.

• Under Suleiman, the Ottomans extended their domain into the Habsburg’s empire and reached Vienna before the Turks were turned back.

Multiple Select

Compared to other religions, a mosque would be comparable to (pick all that apply)

• temple

• church

• synagogue

• shrine

The Ottoman Empire’s Use of Slaves

The Ottomans used slave soldiers. These soldiers, janissaries, were trained to follow the sultan. Young boys from conquered lands were taken to Turkish farms, converted, and trained to be soldiers. They then were returned to their original home villages to enforce the sultan’s demands.

Continued...

Sultans had concubines who had no power through a marital bond. When the concubine became pregnant, her status and salary increased.

The Ruling Class

• The ruling class was committed to the expectations of the Ottoman way. Their faith was to be Islamic. They were to be loyal to the sultan. They were provided with landed estates for services rendered to the sultan.

• The ruling class had access to the land for the duration of their lives but when they died the land reverted back to the sultan. The lack of hereditary rights separated the Ottoman system from the European feudal system.

Open Ended

What are some advantages to having land return to the sultan instead of just being passed down (hereditary) in a family?

Thank You!

For homework, Read 17A (pp.470-473)

Start at “The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire” and

stop at the end of the first paragraph on pp. 473