Unit 2 Exam Review

Gen Bio Unit 2 Exam Review

ECOLOGY

What is Ecology? (Chapter 3.1)

• Ecology is the study of RELATIONSHIPS between organisms and their environment

• Levels of Organization (cell, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere)

• Biotic Factors are LIVING (plants, animals)

• Abiotic Factors are NON-LIVING (weather, humidity, sunlight, etc.)

Multiple Choice

A single individual belonging to a specific species is a(n):

• Biotic

• Organism

• Community

• Reptile

Multiple Choice

All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.

• community

• population

• habitat

• ecosystem

Multiple Choice

Two or more members of a particular species living and interacting in the same area

• community

• organism

• population

• biosphere

Multiple Choice

Different populations living and interacting with each other in the same area

• community

• biome

• ecosystem

• niche

Multiple Choice

Any living factor in an environment is called a(n) _______________ factor.

• biotic

• abiotic

Multiple Choice

Any non-living factor in an environment is called a(n) _______________ factor.

• biotic

• abiotic

Weather vs. Climate (Chapter 3.2)

• Weather is short-term changes in temperature, precipitation, clouds and wind

• Climate is defined by patterns and averages of temperature, precipitation, clouds and wind over many years

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes weather?

• day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

• long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes climate?

• day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

• long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

Energy, Producers & Consumers (Chapter 4.1)

• Producers (autotrophs) capture sunlight or chemical energy and convert it into carbohydrates - PLANTS, ALGAE, etc.

• Consumers (heterotrophs) acquire energy from other organisms - ALL ANIMALS, FUNGI, BACTERIA, etc.

• Consumers are classified by what they eat - herbivore, omnivore, carnivore, scavenger, decomposer

Multiple Choice

Stability within an ecosystem is achieved partially by

the presence of organisms that break down important

molecules and return those nutrients to the soil. These organisms are

• plants

• herbivores

• scavengers

• decomposers

Multiple Choice

Why are plants called producers?

• They make carbon dioxide

• They decompose

• They make their own food

• They are omnivores

Multiple Choice

All animals are...

• producers

• consumers

• carnivores

• omnivores

Multiple Choice

This organism draws its water from the ground, traps sunlight in its chlorophyll, and makes glucose (sugar) in broad green parts of its body. Is it a...

• producer

• consumer

• decomposer

Multiple Choice

Which choice has a group of only consumers?

• grass, cows, birds

• owl, snake, bear

• tigers, turtles, seaweed

• cactus, sun, mushroom

Energy Flow in Ecosystems (Chapter 4.2)

• Food Chains show the one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem

• Food Webs are a more accurate and complex depiction of the energy flow through an ecosystem

• Each level of a food chain/web is called a trophic level

• Ecological Pyramids show the amount of energy/mater contained within each trophic level

• Only 10% of energy is available to the next trophic level in a pyramid

Multiple Choice

The diagram above represents relationships in an

ecosystem. What is the primary source of energy in

this environment?

• cellular respiration in the plants

• energy from minerals in the soil

• solar energy

• fossil fuels

Multiple Choice

What is one of the best ways to represent the

interdependence of all of the organisms in an

ecosystem?

• a diagram of the water cycle

• a food web

• a food chain

• a cell model

Multiple Choice

The diagram below represents an energy pyramid.

Which type of organism could occupy levels B, C,

and D of this energy pyramid?

• consumer

• producer

• autotroph

• carnivore

Multiple Choice

Producers are generally found at the beginning of a

food chain. Which statement best explains why this

is true?

• Producers are usually smaller in size than

  consumers.

• There are always more consumers than

  producers in food chains.

• Consumers are always more complex

  organisms than producers.

• Producers do not rely on other organisms for

  food.

Multiple Choice

What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?

• The insects in the habitat would increase.

• The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.

• The willow tree population would decrease.

• Foxes would dies due to no food source.

Multiple Choice

The amount of energy that usually transfers from one trophic level to the next...

• 90%

• 50%

• 10%

• 25%

Multiple Choice

The diagram represents an biomass pyramid.

If 500 kg of organisms were present in trophic level "A", what would be the biomass of trophic level "B"?

• 5 kg

• 50 kg

• 500 kg

• 5000 kg

Biogeochemical Cycles (Chapter 4.3)

• Water cycle - evaporation, condensation, precipitation

• Carbon cycle - photosynthesis removes CO₂, respiration returns it to the atmosphere

• Nitrogen Cycle - nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification

• Phosphorus Cycle - Weathering, Absorption, Decomposition, Sedimentation

• Carbon is necessary for all organic material synthesis

• Nitrogen & Phosphorus are necessary for protein and nucleic acid synthesis

Multiple Choice

Why do living things need nitrogen?

• To make carbohydrates

• To make proteins and nucleic acids

• To make energy

Multiple Choice

What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?

• combustion

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• decomposition

Multiple Choice

What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?

• bacteria

• rain

• fungi

Multiple Select

Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by: (choose all that apply)

• burning fossil fuels

• decomposition

• cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

Where is the largest reservoir for the phosphorus cycle?

• the atmosphere

• the ocean

• fossil fuels

• rocks

Multiple Choice

Which process converts nitrate into nitrous oxide and eventually nitrogen gas?

• nitrogen fixation

• denitrification

• nitrification

• ammonification

Habitats, Niches & Species Interactions (Chapter 6.1)

• Habitat is an organisms ecological address

• Niche is the role that organism plays in its habitat

• Competition occurs when organisms need the same resources. Competitive Exclusion Principle = No 2 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

• Predator-Prey Relationships affect the ecosystem

• Keystone species determine the health and biodiversity of an ecosystem

• Symbiosis - Commensalism, Mutualism & Parasitism

Multiple Choice

A habitat is ___________________.

• the place or kind of place in which an animal or plant naturally lives.

• is an animal that only eats meat.

• the place where only one animal lives.

• is how plants produce their own food.

Multiple Choice

A niche ________________.

• is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community.

• is specific to each individual animal and plant.

• includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment.

• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

When two species divide a resource, based on differences in their behavior or morphology.

• Competitive Exclusion Principle

• interspecific competition

• intraspecific competition

• Limiting Competitive Theory

Multiple Choice

This outcome of competition often leads to the extinction of one of the competing species

• Character Displacement

• Competitive Exclusion

• Resource Partitioning

• Brood Parasitism

Multiple Choice

A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest.

• Indicator Species

• Pioneer Species

• Keystone Species

• Exotic Species

Multiple Choice

Name the species interaction: A decorator crab camouflages itself with sponges. Sponges are unaffected.

• competition

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

The crocodile and bird have a _______________ relationship. The crocodile benefits by having its teeth cleaned. The bird benefits by gaining food and protection. Both animals benefit from this relationship.

• competition

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

What is one reason that it is important to have predatory/prey relationships in an ecosystem?

• Keeps unwanted parasites from entering the ecosystem.

• Helps control the sizes of populations within the ecosystem.

• Helps to balance the amount of natural resources in the ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Which scenario would result in the decrease in deer population as seen on the graph.

• The predators of the deer such as wolves, bobcats, mountain lions and coyotes being hunted.

• A season of more rainfall which results in more grass in the area.

• Livestock and other grass eating animals moving into the area where the deer live.

Multiple Choice

If the population of a certain predator increases there is often ______________________________ its prey.

• an increases of the population of

• a decrease of the population of

• no impact found on

Multiple Choice

Analyze this graph and determine which statement is TRUE when it comes to the predatory-prey relationship between the rabbit and the wolf.

• When the prey population was high the predator population decreased.

• There is NO connection between the prey population and the predator population.

• When the prey populations was ight the predator population increased.

Multiple Choice

Any living factor in an environment is called a(n) _______________ factor.

• biotic

• abiotic