Past and Past Perfect

Past and Past Perfect

Simple Past

Simple Past

2nd column of irregular verbs

Example: I spoke

regular verbs: infinitive + ed

Example: I worked

Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple

had + 3rd column of irregular verbs

Example: I had spoken

regular verbs: form of have + infinitive + ed

Example: I had worked

Exceptions when adding ed:

• when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved

• after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

  Example: admit - admitted

• final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)

  Example: travel - travelled

• after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)

  Example: worry - worried

  but: play - played